Influence of Process Parameters on Chlorinated Biocide Decontamination by li-CO2 on Artificially Contaminated Model Materials     

Tiziana Lombardo  Marie Wörle  Vera Hubert  Erwin Hildbrand  Christina Hinterleitner  Ingo Mayer 《文物保护研究》2020,65(2):65-76

ABSTRACT

Previously, heavy use of biocides for the treatment of objects made of organic materials in museum collections (e.g. ethnographic, historical collections) was very common. Now suitable decontamination methods/technologies are being sought. A decontamination treatment by li-CO₂ was optimized that considered the specific requirements of museum objects. The treatment was tested on model materials artificially contaminated with biocide solutions containing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane, and permethrin or cypermethrin. High decontamination was achieved for DDT, lindane, PCP, and permethrin on artificially biocide loaded wool and wood model materials. Optimal process parameter settings for li-CO₂ decontamination include a single 30?min cycle for woolen materials and three sequential 30?min cycles each for wood. These methods allow a reduction of at least 90% of all biocides for wool and between 70% and 85% for wood. Decontamination of the latter was more effective for less polar biocides as DDT and permethrin. Despite a significant improvement in decontamination for wood using co-solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), their use is not recommended due to the increased risk of damage to the objects, in particular if a surface coating is present.  相似文献   

中国马拉松赛事参赛者的满意度测评指数模型的构建     

梁金辉  胡智勇  胡德刚 《首都体育学院学报》2020,(3):233-240

借鉴ACSI顾客满意度测评指数模型,结合中国群众性马拉松赛事的特点,运用探索性因子分析法建立中国马拉松赛事参赛者满意度测评指标体系,基于此,构建中国马拉松赛事参赛者满意度测评指数模型。研究发现:中国马拉松赛事参赛者满意度测评指数模型的指标包括参赛者期望、硬服务质量感知、软服务质量感知、感知价值、参赛者满意度、参赛者抱怨、参赛者忠诚度7个因素。就各个自变量对中国马拉松赛事参赛者满意度的影响路径来看,参赛者对服务的预期通过对软服务质量感知、硬服务质量感知间接正向影响中国马拉松赛事参赛者满意度;参赛者的服务质量感知既直接又间接地正向影响参赛者的满意度,参赛者的软服务质量感知通过硬服务质量感知和感知价值间接正向影响参赛者的满意度,参赛者的硬服务质量感知通过感知价值间接正向影响参赛者的满意度。就各个自变量对中国马拉松赛事参赛者满意度的影响程度而言,参赛者的软服务质量感知对其满意度影响最大,其次依次为硬服务质量感知、服务期望和感知价值。  相似文献   

The determinants of the intention to continue voluntary football refereeing     

《Sport Management Review》2020,23(2):242-255

Competitive sports require a regulating body of referees to enforce the rules for the effective operation of the game. However, the number of referees is generally decreasing, leading to organisational problems at the amateur level. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that determine the intention to continue voluntary refereeing in the context of football in Germany. Combining several concepts as predictors, including both the antecedents and the experience of volunteering, in this study, the authors extend the understanding about volunteers’ intentions to continue their activity and address the research gap regarding the analyses of specific volunteer groups such as referees. By means of an online questionnaire, the authors surveyed voluntary football referees in Germany (n = 4541). Regression analysis reveals the motive of self-orientation, respect shown by athletes, coaches, and spectators towards referees, compatibility of refereeing with one’s occupational and private life, perceived organisational support, and referees’ satisfaction to predict referees’ positive intention to continue with their activity. Simultaneously, experiences of offences during refereeing negatively influence this intention, and younger referees show higher intentions to continue their activity than do older referees. Because volunteer recruitment and retention are expensive, the findings of this study facilitate the improvement of effective retention strategies for the federations responsible for referees.  相似文献   

习惯行为、执行意向与青少年身体活动意向与行为:基于计划行为理论的扩展模型     

王丽娟  郑丹蘅 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(2):22-32

在计划行为理论(TPB)的基础上,引入身体活动习惯行为与执行意向,构建扩展TPB(METPB)模型,检验该模型对9~19岁青少年群体的中高强度身体活动(MVPA)的适用性,探讨该模型对小学、初中及高中阶段青少年MVPA影响的差异。结果显示:假设模型的拟合度可以接受,纳入习惯行为与执行意向后,METPB显著地提高了其对身体活动行为的解释力。态度和感知行为控制对MVPA行为意向有显著性影响,解释了31.4%的行为意向方差;行为意向和习惯行为对MVPA行为有显著性影响,解释了18.7%的行为方差;执行意向加强了行为意向朝实际行为的转换。METPB模型对于不同学习阶段青少年MVPA意向及行为的影响有显著性差异。其中:主观规范对小学生与初中生MVPA意向产生了显著性影响,而对高中生的MVPA意向并无显著性影响;感知行为控制对3个阶段学生的MVPA意向产生的影响随着学习阶段的上升不断增强。建议:在对于青少年身体活动的干预中,政府、家庭、学校应重视培养学生对于身体活动参与的正确态度,提高其参与身体活动的意愿,培养其参与身体活动的行为习惯,且在对青少年身体活动干预时考虑学习阶段的差异。  相似文献   

体育产业高质量发展系统动力机制模型建构与现实考察     

薛昭铭  刘东升  马德浩 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(2):116-124

通过文献资料法和案例分析法,以系统论为视角对体育产业高质量发展进行动力机制模型建构,并以江苏体育产业发展经验作为现实考察。研究认为:体育产业高质量发展作为政策性议题,其实践取向应围绕产业的商业性效益逻辑和体育的人文性功能价值进行有机融合,进而推动体育产业在社会主要矛盾、资源配置方式、产业结构模式、经济增长状态4个维度中积极寻求转向。推进体育产业转向高质量发展是一个系统问题,系统运转的关键在于形成运动项目内涵丰富的内生机制、社会进步和经济发展环境的外发机制以及业态载体和空间载体充沛的内外联动机制。当前运动项目产业化内在张力不足、外部环境要素缺位、空间载体培育良莠不齐是现实挑战。提出注重深度内涵式发展、强化务实载体建设、营造适宜外部环境3个由意识理念引领到具体工作抓手的发展思路。  相似文献   

普通高校体育教学评价多元化模式分析     

高航 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(4):82-82,84

体育教学评价本身是体育教学中不可或缺的部分,同时也有利于对体育教学的质量进行相对科学、合理的评估。对于体育教学改革而言,完善教学理论研究,采取多元化评价模式已成为未来改革的重要方向,同时制订专业的教学评价指标体系,从模型构建的过程中探究其具体应用方法。  相似文献   

Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points     

Kelsey H.Collins  Graham Z.MacDonald  David A.Hart  Ruth A.Seerattan  Jaqueline L.Rios  Raylene A.Reimer  Walter Herzog 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):132-139,197

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.  相似文献   

新疆生产建设兵团普通高校校园足球推广与发展经验探讨     

连殿冬 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):108-108,110

校园足球运动是夯实足球人才的根基,对学生智力发展及身体健康水平的改善与提升具有重要作用。本文以新疆生产建设兵团所属的塔里木大学为具体研究对象,梳理了塔里木大学校园足球运动的发展模式,并在此基础上分析、探讨了塔里木大学校园足球运动推广、管理与发展的成功经验与模式,以及制约塔里木大学校园足球进一步发展的瓶颈。  相似文献   

Teaching skills of student teachers: Calibration of an evaluation instrument and its value in predicting student academic engagement     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2014

Student teachers are expected to develop their teaching skills sooner and more rapidly. However, a sound evaluation instrument that can be used to diagnose and monitor the skilfulness level to aid formative assessment of student teachers is still limited. This article is aimed to calibrate and validate a teaching skill evaluation instrument for use in secondary education. A total of 264 student teachers in the Netherlands participated in the study. Rasch and multilevel analyses were used. Results suggest that the evaluation instrument meets the restrictive assumptions of the Rasch model and has predictive value for academic engagement. This adds validation evidence and justifies the calibration of the evaluation instrument to be used for monitoring the development of teacher's teaching skills.  相似文献   

人类发展指数水平与足球运动发展的或然关系——基于面板数据的实证研究     

傅鸿浩  刘波  张廷安  龚波  郭振  肖辉 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(11):20-26

足球运动在世界范围内的普及化与社会化程度日益增强，各国（地区）若要获得全球化竞争中的优势，应注重探讨社会与足球运动发展的关系。通过对1993-2017年131个国家（地区）的人类发展指数与足球排名积分的面板数据建模，以揭示两者之间的关系。研究结果表明，不同国家（地区）的人类发展指数对足球运动发展的影响应建立个体和时点双固定效应模型，模型最高的R²为0.871 32，F检验值为71.014 65，P<0.001，该模型具备较高的解释能力。结论：固定效应模型在考虑历时性因素与不宜观测因素后，在1993-2017年阶段，人类发展指数对于足球运动的发展作用存在分化现象，尤其对亚洲与人口大国的足球运动发展存在制约作用，对南美洲与中等人口国家存在促进作用，人类发展指数与足球运动发展存在一定的或然关系。人类发展指数反映了社会发展的综合水平，对于存在制约效应的国家而言，应当着重考虑社会其它领域（经济、教育、医疗卫生等）与足球运动的互动、协同与融合发展。  相似文献